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Vocabulary

Musical and technical concepts

Notes, intervals and chords

Notes are sounds generated by musical instruments, identifiable by:
  • the frequency at which they vibrate the air: a higher note has a higher frequency than a lower note (e.g., the “A 440”, a reference note in Western music, vibrates at 440 Hz, or 440 times per second); the interval between a note and the one vibrating twice as fast is called an octave (e.g., 880 Hz)
  • the way the air is vibrated (timbre): two different instruments playing the same note produce a different sound
According to culture and convention, a temperament (set of notes) is determined, which can be equal (regular intervals) or not, but also just (simple mathematical ratios) or with a deliberate inaccuracy (to facilitate tuning instruments and transposition); this is the case in Western music, which follows a temperament that divides the octave into 12 equal intervals called semitones. For an ear accustomed to this music, music with a just temperament or an unequal temperament may sound out of tune. Notably, there are microtonal musics that divide the octave into more than 12 intervals (e.g., Indian, Turkish, Arabic music…).
From these 12 semitones, 7 notes were named (A = la, B = si, C = do, D = re, E = mi, F = fa, G = sol), and their alterations (sharp (#) = one semitone above, and flat (♭) = one semitone below). Some notes are separated by a tone – i.e., two semitones – (e.g., between C and D), and others by a semitone (e.g., between E and F). In this temperament, some notes are equivalent in frequency and played the same way on an instrument, but require different notation depending on the context (e.g., F# = G♭); this is called enharmony. An octave number is also added to distinguish notes separated by one or more octaves (e.g., C3, G#2…).
An interval is the distance between two notes. The usual intervals in Western music are defined by the distance between two notes whose names are consecutive in the order of the notes (C, D, E, F, G, A, B), regardless of the alterations (sharps or flats) that may be applied to them. For example, when we talk about an interval of a second from a C, the arrival note will always be a D: D♭ for a minor second, D for a major second. Similarly, a third starting from a C# will always end on an E: E for a minor third, E# (enharmonically equivalent to F) for a major third.
A chord is a set of notes played simultaneously, as an assembly of intervals. The most harmonious and commonly used chords in music are built by superimposing thirds; for example, the C major chord (C, E, G) is the assembly of a major third (from C to E) and a minor third (from E to G), the sum of the two intervals being a perfect fifth (from C to G). The simplest chords are made up of three notes (triads), but more complex ones can also be found with four notes (tetrads) or more. Like intervals, the names of the notes making up a chord must be different; for example, a chord made up of the notes C, C#, and F is actually made up of the notes C, D♭, and F.
Unlike a piano keyboard, for example, Exquis’ hexagonal keyboard is isomorphic: this means that the intervals and therefore the chords always have the same shape regardless of the starting note, which facilitates visualization and thus learning and practice of harmony.

MIDI

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a universal language that allows electronic or software instruments to exchange musical information:
  • Notes (Note-On when triggered and Note-Off when a note is stopped) and their absolute pitch (e.g., C3, G#2…)
  • Relative pitch of notes (Pitchbend), typically controlled by a Pitchwheel on standard MIDI keyboards
  • Key pressure (Aftertouch or Channel Pressure), allowing control over parameters
  • Controls (Control Change = CC) to pilot effects (e.g., via a Modwheel, potentiometers…) or trigger actions (e.g., record)
  • A clock to synchronize between devices (e.g., tempo)
  • An additional control to change timbre (Program Change = PC)
MIDI values are expressed between 0 and 127 (since they are encoded on 7 bits) and are transmitted on 16 channels. The “classic” MIDI protocol transmits this information on one channel at a time, whereas MIDI Polyphonic Expression (MPE) uses multiple channels simultaneously.
MIDI 2.0, which allows for much finer control (encoded on 32 bits) and native MPE management, among other features, is being widely adopted.
It’s worth noting that MIDI needs to be interpreted, for example by a synthesizer, to produce sound. A MIDI controller (like the Exquis keyboard) doesn’t produce sound on its own, just like a computer keyboard requires software to write text.

MPE / Polyaftertouch

The “classic” MIDI protocol transmits information about all notes and controls (CC) on a single channel. Polyaftertouch allows sending Aftertouch specific to each note on the same channel.
MIDI Polyphonic Expression (MPE), more recent, assigns each note its own channel, transmitting its control information (Pitchbend, Aftertouch, CC74) individually and allowing independent control per note. In MPE, channel 1 serves as the master channel and communicates information affecting all notes (CC, PC). The other channels are dynamically assigned to each played note, each carrying individual expression messages (Pitchbend, Aftertouch, CC74).
The Exquis keyboard allows using both modes to maximize compatibility with software and devices on the market.

Plug-ins

A plug-in is a software module that is added to a main program to play sounds or add effects. Sound plug-ins are virtual instruments, such as pianos, synthesizers, or electronic drum kits, that produce sounds when sent MIDI notes. Effect plug-ins allow modifying a sound injected into the input: Reverb, Delay…
A plug-in does not work alone: it needs to be hosted in compatible software, such as a DAW like Ableton Live or the Exquis app; in this software, a button allows opening the plug-in’s user interface (UI) to make adjustments or select a preset.
Some plug-ins are also available in Standalone version, meaning they can be used without a host.
Today, the most widely used plug-in formats (and supported by the Exquis app) are:
  • Virtual Studio Technology (VST), now in its 3rd generation (VST3), widely used and compatible with Windows and macOS
  • Audio Unit (AU), a format exclusively designed and optimized for macOS, iPadOS, and iOS

Presets

A plug-in preset is a pre-recorded configuration of all the parameters of a plug-in, like a “snapshot”: when a preset is loaded, all the plug-in settings automatically switch to the saved values. Plug-ins usually offer a preset browser in their user interface.
Within the Exquis app, an Exquis preset (.xqipreset) is a kind of “macropreset”; it contains not only the state of all the parameters of a plug-in, but also other information such as the note layout of the Exquis keyboard to use, or whether the Exquis app communicates with the plug-in in MPE or not.

Effects (FX)

An effect (FX) in music is a processing applied to a sound signal (voice, instrument…) to modify its character, texture, space or intensity, in order to embellish or transform the original sound. Here are the most common effects:
  • Reverberation (Reverb): to give an impression of space
  • Echo (Delay): to repeat the sound
  • Panning: positioning a sound for listening (e.g. between left and right in stereo)
  • Distortion: to make the sound more saturated
  • Filters: to only let certain frequencies pass through
  • Chorus/Flanger/Phaser: to enrich and widen the sound
  • Tremolo: regular modulation of volume
  • Vibrato: regular modulation of pitch
  • Compression: to adjust the dynamic range
They are often integrated into sound plug-ins, or otherwise as effect plug-ins (to be connected to the output of a sound plug-in).
The Exquis app does not allow using effect plug-ins.

Time signature

The time signature (expressed as X/Y) corresponds to the definition of the bar, or the temporal division of the song’s structure; the first parameter corresponds to the number of beats per bar, the second to the unit of time (4 = quarter note, 8 = eighth note, 16 = sixteenth note…).
The most common setting, particularly for the vast majority of modern music, is 4/4 (4 quarter notes), or 4 beats per bar: 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4…
The Exquis app allows setting the time signature of a song.

Tempo

The tempo corresponds to the number of beats per minute (BPM), or the frequency of regular pulse serving as a standard to build the rhythms of the song. A calm song will have a low tempo, while an energetic song will have a high tempo.
Some recommendations:
  • Jazz (ballad): 60-90 BPM
  • Hip-Hop: 80-110 BPM
  • Techno/House: 110-140 BPM
  • Trance/Hardcore: 140-170 BPM
The Exquis app allows adjusting the tempo of a song.

Metronome

A metronome is a sound and sometimes visual tool that embodies the pulse defined by the tempo and time signature. It’s a help for playing and recording in rhythm and navigating the bars of a song.
Typically, a different sound (often higher pitched) is used to identify the first beat of a bar (in 4/4 time: 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4…), an important moment where a strong beat is usually placed (kick drum, chord…).
The Exquis app features a sound metronome.

Quantization

The quantization is a common function in DAWs (Digital Audio Workstations) and MIDI sequencers. It automatically adjusts the timing of notes to align them to a grid with a more or less fine resolution.
Like the time signature, the values of this grid are expressed in divisions of time (e.g. 1/4, 1/8, 1/16…), sometimes combined with a percentage to indicate the degree of repositioning.
For example, setting the quantization to 1/4 means that each beat (interval between two metronome clicks) is divided into four equal parts, and each element is then repositioned to the beginning of the closest segment.
Example: 4 notes before (top) and after (bottom) quantization of Note-On to 1/4
Depending on the settings offered by the software used, it is possible to quantize Note-On, Note-Off, note length… but also to quantize before or after recording. The Exquis app allows quantizing Note-On, before or after recording.
Most modern music is created using the 1/16 value, to place up to 4 sounds per beat and thus cover a wide range of rhythms, from a simple kick drum on every beat to syncopated rhythms (combination of rhythms with sounds on the beat, between beats, and just before or just after the beat) that give a dancing feel.
The use of quantization is preferred to accurately place accompaniment instruments (percussions, chords…), and rather disabled to allow expressive solos to take liberties. It is also preferable to superimpose different rhythms, quantized to different values to create rich and interesting songs.

MIDI Panic (!)

The MIDI Panic function, or All Notes Off (MIDI CC #123), often associated with a danger or exclamation mark icon, allows stopping all notes on all MIDI channels.
This function can be useful if a note remains stuck indefinitely, meaning its Note-Off, usually sent when releasing a key on the MIDI controller used, did not arrive at its destination. The MIDI Panic function sends a Note-Off to all notes on all MIDI channels, thus stopping any recalcitrant note.
Most plugins and software, especially MPE ones, like the Exquis app, have this function, sometimes accompanied by the All Sound Off function (MIDI CC #120) that stops all sound by resetting the audio engines.

CV and modular synths

The Control Voltage (CV) is an electrical voltage used to control various parameters of a synthesizer (note pitch, volume, timbre…). This voltage is typically between -5V and +5V, or between 0V and 5V as is the case for the Exquis keyboard.
The modular synthesizers are electronic instruments composed of several distinct modules, each having a specific function (oscillator, filter, amplifier, envelope…), communicating with each other in CV using cables to create a signal path.

Layouts

On the Exquis keyboard, a Layout corresponds to a particular placement of notes on the keyboard keys:
  • An isomorphic Layout applies a propagation rule, determined by the number of semitones between three hexagons, across the entire keyboard. Such a Layout then allows displaying scales and changing octaves.
  • A free Layout allows choosing the MIDI values and the color of each of the 61 keyboard keys.
From the Exquis app, you can select and create Layouts, and also store them in memory on the Exquis keyboard.

Tonic and Scales

The tonic note is the central note of a scale and a piece, the one around which melodies and chord grids are built. Very often the base note of the first chord, it is the one that the piece is brought back to regularly. By default, it is champagne-colored on the Exquis keyboard.
A scale is a selection of notes that gives the tone to a piece; major for a playful feel, minor for a more serious feel, dominant Phrygian for an “oriental” feel… Try different scales and follow the keyboard colors to compare their musical colors! By default, the notes of the scale are purple-colored on the Exquis keyboard.
From the Exquis app, you can select and create scales, and also store them in memory on the Exquis keyboard.

Tracks

On a software, a track is a channel in which you can load, play, and record sounds. They are usually represented in software or mixing consoles as horizontal or vertical strips.
An armed track means that you can play and record on it.
It is generally possible to control at least the volume (gain) and panning (pan) of each track, to balance and spatialize the instruments.
The Exquis app allows you to create tracks from sound plugins and presets in Exquis format, but also to save new presets from a track and its settings.

Loops

A Loop is a recording of notes that plays in a loop. From the perspective of creating contemporary music (mostly based on relatively repetitive patterns), the Exquis app works on recording and managing musical loops.

Snaps

A Snap is a snapshot of the state of a piece, typically representing one of its major parts (e.g.: intro, verse, chorus…).
On the Exquis app, it is possible to create Snaps that capture the state of Loops (playing/stopped) and tracks (armed/disarmed), and then trigger them at any time or even chain them chronologically.

Representation of time

On most software, time is expressed linearly, in minutes and seconds and/or in bars and beats. Based on the recording of Loops (to be able to quickly compose contemporary music and improvise live), the Exquis app uses a cyclical view of time, expressed in bars and beats: the duration of each Loop and Snap is represented by a circle, with 12 o’clock being the first beat of the first bar of a Loop or the start of a Snap.
From this cyclical view, a chronology is built by making periodic moments succeed each other for defined durations, either manually by controlling loops live or automatically: this is the function of Snaps, for which a duration and a follow-up action are determined (which Snap will be played next).

How to pronounce Exquis ?

“Exquis” is the French word for “exquisite”, to be pronounced \ɛk.ski\, or “exkey”. This word was chosen to reflect the finesse of play in MPE. Additionally it is a combination of “hex” (hexagonal) and “key” (keyboard).

Exquis keyboard

Used as a MIDI controller or in CV
CC#41 (rotation) and CC#21 (click): values modifiable from the Exquis application
CC#42 (rotation) and CC#22 (click): values modifiable from the Exquis application
CC#43 (rotation) and CC#23 (click): values modifiable from the Exquis application
CC#44 (rotation) and CC#24 (click): values modifiable from the Exquis application
Octave: transposes the keyboard by 12 semitones at a time, to play lower or higher
Arpeggiator speed: touch an area to choose a speed (from left to right: 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/12, 1/16, 1/24)
Settings (1): tempo and clock output (Clock), tonic note and scale, brightness and touch trigger threshold, transposition, and arpeggiator pattern
Settings (2): MPE / Polyaftertouch mode and MIDI channels, Pitchbend range, note layout (Layout)
CC#32 (value modifiable from the Exquis application): click to activate and deactivate (Toggle), designed to be assigned to a software record button
CC#33 (value modifiable from the Exquis application): hold to activate and release to deactivate (Latch)
CC#34 (value modifiable from the Exquis application): hold to activate and release to deactivate (Latch)
Start/Stop MIDI Clock
Kensington Nano Security Slot™: notch for compatible anti-theft device
USB: power supply (computer, external battery…) and communication with other devices (computer, MIDI interfaces…) to play, synchronize (Clock), and receive notes to display on the keys
MIDI input (IN) and output (OUT): communication with other devices (synthesizers, MIDI interfaces…) to play, synchronize (Clock), and receive notes to display on the keys. Use MIDI TRS Type A adapters (provided)
Control Voltage (CV): GATE outputs (0V or 5V, triggering a key), PITCH (0V to 5V, note pitch and Pitchbend), and MOD (0V to 5V, key pressure)
Tonic note: central note of a scale and a piece
Scale notes: giving a musical color to a piece (major = joyful, minor = serious…), stay in the scale to play in tune!
Keys: sensitive to velocity”, pressure (Z-axis = Aftertouch), and in MPE to horizontal tilt (X-axis = Pitchbend) and vertical tilt (Y-axis = CC74)

Note Mode

Internal tempo: 120 by default, used by the arpeggiator and MIDI Clock
Tonic note: C by default
Scale: major by default (scales stored in memory can be modified from the Exquis application)
Brightness (rotation) and Key trigger threshold (click+rotation)
Transpose: transposes the keyboard by one semitone at a time, mainly to recentre the scale on the keyboard
Arpeggiator pattern: touch to scroll through patterns (ascending, descending, convergent, divergent, simultaneous, in the order of played notes) or hold to switch from Latch mode to Toggle mode
MIDI Clock output: choose whether the keyboard transmits its clock via USB (red), DIN (blue), both (purple), or neither (white)
Firmware number: represented by the number of green hexagons from top to bottom (X.X.X = major.minor.patch = top.middle.bottom)

Settings Menu (1)

MPE / Polyaftertouch: click to switch between MPE mode (blue) and Polyaftertouch mode (yellow), and rotate to choose the number of channels in MPE or on which channel to play in Polyaftertouch
Pitchbend range: expressed in forty-eighths of the maximum range, calculate [Exquis range] x [synthesizer range] / 48 to get a value in semitones
Note layout: layouts in memory can be modified from the Exquis application

Settings Menu (2)

Update

New features and bug fixes are regularly proposed; check from time to time that your Exquis keyboard is up to date from the dedicated page.
You can also stay informed about the release of updates on our social networks and within the community, or by subscribing to our newsletter.

Note layouts

By default, the Exquis keyboard arranges semitones horizontally (like a guitar fretboard) and thirds vertically (major to the right, minor to the left). As assemblages of thirds, common chords (e.g. major, minor, diminished, major 7…) are embodied in simple shapes, one key per row.
Embodying the mathematical logic of musical harmony, this note layout is said to be isomorphic, meaning that the intervals between notes, and thus chord or scale shapes, are the same across the entire keyboard.
A member of the community, c0ns1d1ne, designed a cheat sheet for playing the most common chords (which you can notably find on guitar tabs or song lyrics):
Download the cheat sheet of usual chords
You can choose one of the 8 note layouts stored in memory by holding the button and then rotating the third encoder. Here are the default note layouts stored in memory:
  1. Exquis
  2. Exquis (with display of duplicate scale notes)
  3. Chromatic
  4. 4×4 (for drums, MIDI values from 36 to 51)
  5. General MIDI percussion (MIDI values from 35 to 81)
  6. Rainbow (MIDI values from 0 to 60)
It is possible to create note layouts (responding to scales or with a custom LED display) and store them in memory from the Exquis application.

Tonic and Scales

By default, the Exquis keyboard displays the scale of C major.
You can choose a tonic by holding the button and then rotating the second encoder, and choose one of the 32 scales stored in memory by holding the button and then rotating the third encoder. Here are the scales stored in memory by default:
  1. Major
  2. Natural Minor
  3. Melodic Minor
  4. Harmonic Minor
  5. Dorian
  6. Phrygian
  7. Lydian
  8. Mixolydian
  9. Locrian
  10. Phrygian Dominant
  11. Major Pentatonic
  12. Minor Pentatonic
  13. Unison
  14. Chromatic
It is possible to create scales and store them in memory from the Exquis application.

Keyboard editor

Via the Exquis application, you can customize the Exquis keyboard for later use without the application:
  • adjust the sensitivity curves of the keys
  • create and store your own scales
  • create and store your own note layouts (reacting to scales or with custom colors)
  • change the MIDI CC sent by the rotary encoders and buttons
Refer to the corresponding subsections in the Application section below.

MPE Arpeggiator

The touch slider on the Exquis keyboard allows arpeggiating played notes, i.e. playing them automatically one after the other in a defined order, at the rhythm of its internal tempo (adjustable by holding the button and rotating the first encoder). The notes triggered by the arpeggiator will have a velocity proportional to the pressure of the held keys, and when the Exquis keyboard is in MPE mode, the X (Pitchbend) and Y (CC74) axes are also taken into account when repeating the notes.
In play, the six zones correspond to different rates, respectively 1/4 (one note per beat), 1/6, 1/8 (2 notes per beat), 1/12, 1/16 (4 notes per beat), 1/24.
You can change the pattern by holding the button and briefly touching the slider; the animation of the six LEDs indicates the currently chosen mode (e.g. from left to right = from lowest to highest, from outside to inside = convergent…).
The slider can be used either by holding the finger (Latch) or as a toggle switch (Toggle). Change mode by holding the button and holding the finger for one second on the slider; a small back-and-forth animation of the six LEDs indicates the mode change.
If you use the arpeggiator during a recording, make sure the quantization is adapted to the used arpeggiator rates (e.g. you can quantize to 1/16 to play at rates 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16, but patterns at rates 1/12 or 1/24 will be altered by quantization), or disable it.
The arpeggiator can be used together with the Freeze function.

Freeze function

Hold and modulate notes with your fingers, then briefly click the 4th rotary encoder to lock them. Add more notes the same way, or unfreeze notes by touching them again. Disable all frozen notes by briefly clicking the encoder when no notes are being held. You can use this function in combination with the arpeggiator.
Also usable within the Exquis application.

USB or MIDI use

You can connect the Exquis keyboard to other devices (computers, MIDI synthesizers, MIDI interfaces…) via USB or MIDI: in the latter case, it is mandatory to use minijack-DIN TRS Type A adapters (2 are provided with the Exquis keyboard). In all cases, the Exquis keyboard must be powered via USB to function (power supply, external battery, computer…).
MIDI notes and controls are sent to any device connected to its USB and MIDI OUT ports. The Exquis keyboard can also transmit its internal clock if the associated setting is set to this value; hold the button on the Exquis keyboard and press the button to set the output to USB (), DIN (), USB+DIN (), or disable it (). Release the button and press the button to start the clock () or stop it ().
Via its MIDI IN port, the Exquis keyboard can light up received notes on its keys and automatically sync to an external clock (used by the arpeggiator); whether received via MIDI IN or USB, the last received clock will be prioritized.
The Exquis keyboard does not allow MIDI Thru, i.e. receiving a signal on input (IN) and retransmitting it on output (OUT).
Depending on its capabilities, adjust the device to which Exquis is connected; generally, a parameter allows choosing which MIDI channel to listen to. A device at least partially compatible with MPE allows listening to all MIDI channels (All) or has a true MPE mode.
To set Exquis to MPE or “classic” MIDI (in Polyaftertouch): hold the button and click on the first rotary encoder to switch between MPE (blue) and Polyaftertouch (yellow) modes, then rotate the encoder to adjust the number of MIDI channels allocated in MPE (blue) or the MIDI channel to play on (yellow).
In MPE, adjust the Pitchbend range (expressed as 48ths of the maximum range) by holding the button and rotating the second rotary encoder. Two use cases:
  • Set the Pitchbend range of the used MPE synthesizer to 48 (usually the default value, especially if it’s not adjustable), then adjust this Exquis keyboard parameter.
  • Set this Exquis keyboard parameter to 48, then adjust the Pitchbend range of the used synthesizer.
Calculate [Exquis range] x [synthesizer range] / 48 to get a value in semitones. Example: if one is set to 2 and the other to 48, the range will be 2 x 48 / 48 = 2 semitones. Another example: if one is set to 24 and the other to 2, the range will be 1 semitone.

Using pedals (sustain, expression...)

The Exquis keyboard supports MIDI Thru, that is, receiving a signal at the input (IN) and re-transmitting it at the output (OUT), for the following CCs:
• CC#64: sustain pedal (standard)
• CC#11: expression pedal (standard)
• CC#65: portamento on/off
• CC#67: soft pedal
A MIDI IO interface (to translate the signal of the pedal to a MIDI CC) is required: you can find our recommendation at the bottom of this page
Also usable within the Exquis application.

Smartphone or tablet use

First of all, if you want to use the Exquis keyboard on a mobile device but haven’t chosen one yet, note that the range of software and synthesizers is more extensive and optimized on Apple devices (iOS or iPadOS).
Since smartphones and tablets generally have only one port, we recommend using an adapter like this: it lets you connect the Exquis keyboard via USB, a wired 3.5 mm mini‑jack audio device, and charge your device at the same time (the Exquis keyboard can draw a lot of power, especially with high key brightness).
For in‑game settings, please refer to the USB or MIDI use section above.

Displaying a MIDI score

The Exquis keyboard will display, in green, all notes it receives via MIDI IN or USB. If a note is lower or higher than the notes displayed on the keyboard, the associated octave button lights up instead.
The display algorithm is optimized for Exquis note layout, showing no duplicate notes but prioritizing notes of the scale or the closest.

CV use

You can connect the Exquis keyboard to modular synthesizers via its CV GATE, PITCH and MOD ports. The Exquis keyboard must be powered via USB to function (power supply, external battery, computer…).
  • GATE: 5V or 0V (depending on whether a note is triggered or not)
  • PITCH: 0V to 5V (depending on the note height and Pitchbend)
  • MOD: 0V to 5V (depending on key pressure)
For each port: 20 mA max, active impedance equivalent to 1 kohm.
In play, only the most recent note and its pressure are taken into account; it is thus possible to use the arpeggiator on the touch slider (coupled or not with the Freeze function).
On the Exquis keyboard, the Pitchbend range setting for MPE is also used for CV; hold the button and rotate the second rotary encoder to adjust the maximum number of semitones you can add/subtract to a played note by tilting its key.

Cleaning and maintenance

To protect your Exquis keyboard from scratches, splashes, and dust when not in use while preserving its connections, we recommend purchasing a transparent protective cover:
Buy
To clean the case of your Exquis, nothing beats a slightly dampened microfiber cloth.
To dust your Exquis keyboard, we highly recommend using cleaning gels, especially used for computer keyboards and car interior vents. They easily capture dust and residues in hard-to-reach areas, especially between the hexagonal silicone keys.
If you’re concerned about dust and splashes entering the minijack and USB ports, specially designed caps are also available.

Anti-theft

The Exquis keyboard has a Kensington Nano Security Slot™ for an adapted anti-theft device.

Factory reset

To reset the Exquis keyboard to factory settings (scales, note layouts, trigger threshold, sensitivity curves…), plug it in while holding the second rotary encoder button pressed.

In which direction to play?

The Exquis keyboard is designed to be played vertically, either with one hand or two hands (one hand per strand of luminous scale) on the keyboard, with the buttons and encoders always accessible to each hand.
But you’re free to play it horizontally, especially if you use note layouts that require a different orientation of the hexagons (e.g. harmonic table). Just make sure the X (Pitchbend) and Y (CC74) axes are in the desired direction and orientation; you can edit them from the Exquis application, by creating and saving a new note layout, and storing it in the Exquis keyboard if necessary.

Is the USB-C port not fully plugged in?

When plugged in, the Exquis keyboard’s USB-C connector leaves about 2mm of metal apparent, which is normal. Don’t force it in, and avoid carrying your Exquis keyboard while it’s plugged in.

Unwanted triggerings of surrounding notes

The Exquis keyboard is very sensitive, and many factors can come into play: heat, humidity, case deformation, flatness of your playing surface…
If, when you play notes, other keys (usually surrounding ones) are triggered, first make sure to reduce the influence of these factors before adjusting the trigger threshold. A good setting is usually below 30.

My MIDI DIN connection doesn't seem to work

First, check that you’re using Type A minijack-DIN adapters, two are included in the Exquis keyboard box.
Then, make sure the Exquis keyboard and synthesizer understand each other:
  • If compatible, set Exquis and the synthesizer to MPE (or have it listen to all MIDI channels)
  • Otherwise, set Exquis to Polyaftertouch and choose the same channel as the one the synthesizer listens to

MPE: why 14 channels maximum?

In MPE, channel 1 is used for global messages (e.g. CC from rotary encoders and buttons), and on Exquis, channel 16 is used for communication (e.g. Remote Script for Ableton Live). This leaves 14 dynamically allocated channels for each played note.
A setting of 14 channels is thus recommended when the Exquis keyboard is in MPE mode, unless there’s a specific need otherwise.

Hack: using a key as a Pitchwheel

If you set Exquis to MPE on a single MIDI channel, all notes will be sent on channel 2, and the first triggered note (in white on the keyboard, subsequent ones will be turned off) will send its expression messages (Pitchbend, Aftertouch, CC74) on this channel.
If you then set your synthesizer or software to listen to (at least) channel 2, tilting a key on the X axis will control the Pitchwheel, thus affecting all notes.
This can be useful for playing on a non-MPE compatible synthesizer while still being able to control the Pitchwheel (which is not possible when the Exquis keyboard is set to Polyaftertouch mode, as the Exquis keyboard doesn’t have a Pitchwheel).
However, note that in MPE mode, the Exquis keyboard’s rotary encoders and buttons send their MIDI CC on channel 1.

Playing in Bluetooth?

When you’re playing music, Bluetooth for audio (earbuds, headphones, speakers) should be avoided; the latency between what you play and what you hear is too high and therefore very problematic for playing in rhythm (which isn’t an issue when you’re just listening to music).
However, certain devices like the WIDI Master can transmit MIDI data (including MPE) over Bluetooth.

Tips: assigning useful MIDI CC

In the keyboard editor within the Exquis app, you can change the MIDI CCs sent by the rotary encoders, their push buttons, and the unused action buttons of the Exquis keyboard, for use outside the app.
For example, assign the button of a rotary encoder or a “latch” action button ( or ) to CC64 in order to use this button as a sustain pedal.
Likewise, assign CC123, for example to a rotary encoder button, so you have the MIDI Panic (“All notes off”) function at hand to cut any unintended stuck notes.
Find the list of all MIDI CCs generally supported by software and synthesizers.

Exquis app

To configure the Exquis keyboard and compose pieces
Rotary Encoder 1 : assigned parameter 1.
Rotary Encoder 2 : assigned parameter 2.
Rotary Encoder 3 : assigned parameter 3.
Rotary Encoder 4 : assigned parameter 4, MPE Freeze function on click.
Octave : transpose the keyboard by 12 semitones at a time, to play lower or higher.
Arpeggiator Speed : touch an area to choose a speed (from left to right: 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/12, 1/16, 1/24). When the button is held, touch to scroll through patterns or hold to switch from latch mode to toggle mode.
Settings : hold to adjust tempo, select a tonic and a scale, set key brightness, transpose or change the arpeggiator pattern
Favorite Presets (to create a new track or replace the sound of an armed empty track) : hold, touch a location, then release the button. Customizable list from the app Menu.
Record (active only if a track is armed and not full) : click to start and stop a recording. Pulsing button at tempo, highlighted in purple on the first beat.
Tracks & Loops : hold to view and interact with your tracks and loops on the keyboard. Prepare an order (arm a track, play/mute loops), then release the button to apply. When the Snaps button is held and a Snap is selected (white hexagon), hold to view and edit the armed track and loops of the selected Snap.
Snaps : hold to view and interact with the piece’s snapshots on the keyboard. Create a new Snap (brown hexagon), edit a Snap (select yellow hexagon then hold the Tracks & Loops button), or prepare an activation order (green) or suspension (orange), then release the button to apply.
Play/Stop : start/stop the piece, from a Snap if it is activated (2nd green hexagon)
Tonic Note : central note of a scale and a piece
Scale Notes : providing musical color to a piece (major = happy, minor = serious…), stay in the scale to play in tune!
Keys : sensitive to velocity (on and off), pressure (Z-axis = Aftertouch), and in MPE to horizontal tilt (X-axis = Pitchbend) and vertical (Y-axis = CC74)
Undo or Redo the last action
Menu: create/open/save/export a project, Audio/MIDI settings, plugin list, sensitivity curves, favorite presets, and keyboard management
Save the project
Undo or Redo the last action
Note Layout Editor: organization of notes on the Exquis keyboard, either based on propagation rules (Isomorphic) to display scales, or free (Free) with custom MIDI values and colors, as well as direction and expressivity axes (X & Y axes)
Time Signature: definition of the meter, the most common is 4/4 (4 beats per bar, at the quarter note: 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4…)
Tempo: pulse of the piece in beats per minute (BPM), higher for an energetic piece and lower for a slow piece
Metronome: sound incarnation of the tempo and the time signature with a higher sound on the first beat, useful to help record initial loops
Play/Stop: starts at the first beat of the first bar (from a Snap if applicable), or stops the piece
Record a loop on the armed track: recording starts at the first note played and can last 1, 2, 4, 8, 16… bars
Default Quantization: temporal realignment of future recorded notes according to a defined time grid (e.g., 1/4, 1/8, 1/16…)
Parameters assigned to rotary encoders (renameable by double-clicking)
Assign Rotary Encoder to a parameter exposed by the armed track’s sound plugin
MIDI Panic: cuts all notes on all MIDI channels, to use if notes get stuck
Master Volume (Gain): to balance with the volume of the audio device used
Tonic note: central note of your piece, champagne-colored on the Exquis keyboard
Scale and Scale Editor: set of notes providing the musical color of your piece, lavender-colored on the Exquis keyboard
Lists: plugins and presets to create tracks, note layouts to apply on tracks, and scales to apply to the piece
Track Settings (SETUP): MPE, Pitch Bend Range, multiple loops playing simultaneously (Multi Clips), and recording as a new preset (Save As Preset), if needed with note layout (with Layout)
Plugin UI: open to select a native preset, edit the sound…
Track Volume (GAIN): in decibels (dB)
Track Pan (PAN): stereo position (left/right)
Track Name: renameable by double-clicking with the mouse
Track: armed (white) or unarmed (blue)
Loops: playing (green) or muted (orange), you can edit quantization or display score by right-clicking
Create a new Snap: captures the state of loops in play/stop and armed/unarmed tracks
Edit a Snap: modify the playing loops and armed track of a Snap
Activate a Snap (green) / Stop the Timeline (orange)
Snap Duration (TIME): duration of play expressed in bars and beats
Follow Action (NEXT): number of the Snap that will be triggered at the end of the current Snap duration
Create a New Track: if a plugin or preset is selected from the list on the left
Master audio recording: record your live performance (metronome is ignored)
Help & FAQ

Update

New features and fixes are regularly offered; check from time to time that your Exquis application is up to date from the dedicated page.
Don’t forget to also keep your sound plugins updated.
You can also stay informed about updates through our social media and within the community, or by subscribing to our newsletter.

Audio/MIDI Settings

Accessible from > Audio/MIDI Settings
  • Output: Audio output device (speakers, headphones…). It is recommended to use an ASIO4ALL driver on Windows, and if you don’t have an external sound card with a dedicated driver, you can use ASIO4ALL for your internal sound card.
  • Input: Audio input device (not usable at the moment).
  • Active output channels: Channels of the audio output device. Generally, “1+2” should be checked to have stereo sound.
  • Sample rate: Audio sample rate, proportional to the required quality and processing power. Recommended value: 48000 Hz.
  • Audio buffer size: Size of the buffer, proportional to stability, quality, and required processing power. Recommended value: 512 samples (10.7 ms).

Plugin list

When you install sound plugins and want to use them with the Exquis application, go to the menu > Plugin List. Then click on Options… followed by Scan for new or updated […] plugins in the desired format.
It is particularly necessary to scan the plugins provided with the Exquis application in VST3 format to use the provided Factory presets.
If any presets are greyed out, make sure to install and/or scan the appropriate plugin(s).

Sensitivity curves

In > Sensitivity Curves > Edit, edit the sensitivity curves of the keys. The curves are stored in memory in the Exquis keyboard when you close the curves window (by clicking outside). You can reset the default values by clicking on > Sensitivity Curves > Reset.

Scale editor

Between the top toolbar and the 4 tabs on the list, you will find the tonic note selector and the selected scale indicator; click on the latter to open a dropdown menu offering to edit the current scale.
Activate and deactivate the notes of your choice: you will find the note names on the upper line, and the interval names on the lower line (P1 = tonic, m2 = minor second, M2 = major second, m3 = minor third, M3 = major third, P4 = perfect fourth, TT = augmented fourth / diminished fifth, P5 = perfect fifth, m6 = augmented fifth / minor sixth, M6 = major sixth, m7 = minor seventh, M7 = major seventh).
Finally, return to the dropdown menu to save your new scale. Save your scale in the suggested Scales folder to find it in the left list: section Scales, User folder, and then in the hierarchy you will have constructed.
Only isomorphic Layouts react to displaying scales (e.g., the default Layout of the Exquis keyboard). When you edit a scale, we recommend testing it live on the Exquis keyboard after applying such a note layout beforehand.

Scales in the Exquis keyboard memory

In > Standalone Settings, tab Layouts, store and reorganize note layouts in memory in the Exquis keyboard by simply dragging and dropping with the mouse. The note layouts are saved in memory in the Exquis keyboard when you close the Standalone Settings window.

Layout editor

In the top toolbar, you will find the note layout editor (Layout). Click on the button to open a dropdown menu that offers to edit the current note layout (Edit Layout) and to change the type of note layout (Switch to Free/Isomorphic Layout).
If you are editing an isomorphic note layout, the editor allows you to choose the number of semitones between two pairs of hexagons, to propagate the rule to the entire keyboard.
An additional setting allows you to transpose the entire keyboard (purple), which you can also find on the Exquis keyboard by holding the button and clicking on the buttons and .
If you are editing a free note layout, the editor allows you to choose the MIDI value and the color of each key. To speed things up, you can apply a general rule starting from an isomorphic note layout and then switch to a free note layout.
Since note layouts can be designed to be played vertically or horizontally, through the same dropdown menu (X & Y Axes), you can finally edit the direction (horizontal or vertical) and the sense (e.g., left to right or right to left) of the key expressiveness axes, namely the X axis (Pitchbend) and Y (CC74).
Once satisfied, return to the dropdown menu to save your new note layout (Save Layout As). Save your scale in the suggested Layouts folder to find it in the list on the left: Layouts section, User folder, then in the hierarchy you will have built.
You can also edit a note layout by opening the .xqilayout file with a text editor (e.g., Notepad on Windows, TextEdit on macOS). Just make sure to close and reopen the Exquis application to refresh the files in the left list.

Layouts in the Exquis keyboard memory

In > Standalone Settings, Layouts tab, store and reorganize the note layouts in memory in the Exquis keyboard by simply dragging and dropping with the mouse. The note layouts are saved in memory in the Exquis keyboard when you close the Standalone Settings window.

Customizing MIDI CCs of the Exquis keyboard

In > Standalone Settings, tab MIDI CCs, set the CCs sent by the encoders and buttons , and . The CCs are saved in memory in the Exquis keyboard when you close the Standalone Settings window.

Favorite Presets

In play mode, you can access 61 favorite presets by holding down the button : touch a preset to select it, then release the button to load it (if an empty track was armed, it will be replaced).
To edit this grid, go to > Preset List:
– Edit: edit the grid, you can drag and drop presets into the 61 slots on the keyboard
– Reset to factory: reset the grid to default
– Reset to empty: clear the grid

Tracks

It is possible to layer up to 11 tracks, created from a sound plugin or a preset.
To create a track:
  • Using the mouse:
    • double-click a plugin or preset from the appropriate list on the left; if a track was armed and empty, it will be replaced, otherwise a new track will be created in its place
    • click on a plugin or preset from the appropriate list on the left, then click the blue hexagon “+” in the Tracks section to add a new track
  • Using the Exquis keyboard: hold down the button on the Exquis keyboard to access the favorite presets grid, touch a preset then release the button ; if a track was armed and empty, it will be replaced, otherwise a new track will be created in its place.
Once a track is created and armed, you can assign the 4 rotary encoders of the Exquis keyboard to parameters exposed by the plugin. Most of the provided presets (Factory) already have assignments, which you can modify:
  • Click the dropdown menu to the right of an encoder to assign an item from the proposed list
  • Rename an assigned encoder by double-clicking on its name
For each track you can:
  • Arm it (blue = disarmed, white = armed) to play and record
    • Using the mouse: by clicking on the hexagon of the track
    • Using the Exquis keyboard: by holding down the button then briefly touching the hexagon of the track
  • Apply a note layout: by double-clicking with the mouse on a note layout from the list on the left
  • Rename it: by double-clicking with the mouse on the name of a track
  • Adjust its volume (GAIN):
    • Using the mouse: by click-dragging on the GAIN potentiometer of a track, or by entering its value via double-click
    • Using the Exquis keyboard: by holding down the button then turning the first rotary encoder to adjust the volume of an armed track
  • Adjust its pan (PAN):
    • Using the mouse: by click-dragging on the potentiometer of a track, or by entering its value via double-click
    • From the Exquis keyboard: by holding down the button then turning the second rotary encoder to adjust the pan of an armed track
  • Open the plugin’s user interface () to choose a default preset and/or edit the plugin’s parameters
  • Perform other actions ():
    • Enable or disable MPE, depending on whether the plugin is compatible
    • Set the Pitchbend range in semitones (st) if the MPE setting is enabled
    • Allow multiple Loops to play simultaneously (Multi Clips)
    • Save the track as a new Exquis preset (Save as Preset): MPE settings, Pitch Bend Range, Multi Clips, the assignment of the 4 encoders, their name, and value will be saved, as well as the applied note layout if you choose the option (with Layout). Save your preset in the suggested Presets folder to find it in the left list: section Presets, User folder, and then in the hierarchy you will have constructed.
  • Delete it (with its Loops):
    • Using the mouse: by right-clicking on the hexagon of the track, then clicking on Delete.
    • Using the Exquis keyboard: by holding down the button then pressing the track’s key

Recording and playing with loops

To record a loop, you need to arm a track (white hexagon) and have one of its 4 Loop slots free. Otherwise, the Recording function will be disabled.
Be sure to set the quantization upstream, via the dropdown menu to the right of the Record button, keeping in mind that you can modify it afterward by right-clicking on the recorded Loop.
The Exquis application allows recording loops of 2n (1, 2, 4, 8, 16…) measures to facilitate the creation of pieces following classic structures. Loops may not start at the same time but will always remain synchronized with each other. Recording can therefore start in the middle of a measure and must end exactly 2n measures later.
Recording starts at the first note played; you can click the Record button and take your time before you start playing. Then hit the Record button again to stop your recording.
Once recorded, you can act as a conductor with your Loops by setting them to play (green) or stop (orange):
  • Using the mouse: instantly, by simply clicking on their hexagon to change their status
  • Using the Exquis keyboard: by holding the button on the Exquis keyboard, briefly touching Loops to prepare their status change, then releasing the button at the desired moment to give the command.
To edit the quantization of a Loop, if you find it has overly altered your recording or conversely wish to enhance its correction, choose a new value by right-clicking on its hexagon.
To delete a Loop:
  • Using the mouse: right-click on its hexagon and then click on Delete
  • Using the Exquis keyboard: hold the button then press its key until it goes out
Don’t forget that you can use the button to quickly delete a loop just recorded.

Displaying scores on the keyboard

With a right‑click on a loop, you can display its score on the Exquis keyboard. If a note is too low or too high, the octave buttons will blink to let you know.
You can display the score of one or more loops simultaneously. Use this feature to learn a song, remind yourself of what you recorded, or even improvise better by following your chords for example.

Structuring your piece (Snaps)

A Snap is a snapshot of the loops in play and the armed track of the piece (e.g. intro, verse, chorus, breaks…), which can be triggered at any moment or chained chronologically. Consider Snaps as commands given to the Exquis application: “trigger these loops and arm this track, if necessary during this duration followed by this Snap.”
To create a Snap (in succession):
  • Using the mouse: click on the dark yellow hexagon (+) in the Snaps section
  • Using the Exquis keyboard: hold the button and click the dark yellow hexagon
To edit a Snap:
  • Using the mouse: click on the yellow hexagon of the Snap (containing the Loops icon)
  • Using the Exquis keyboard: hold the button , click the yellow hexagon of the Snap to select it (white hexagon), then also hold the button to view and modify the armed track and the Loops in play; only release the button to select another Snap or release both buttons and to return to play mode.
To trigger a Snap:
  • Using the mouse: click at the desired moment on the hexagon of a Snap to change its status instantly
  • Using the Exquis keyboard: hold the button , click on a Snap to change its status, and release the button at the desired moment to give your order
Stopping a Snap will not stop the piece; it will only prevent the next scheduled Snap from triggering.
To establish a timeline, determine their duration (TIME) and a chronological sequence (NEXT) using the mouse. The timer starts when a Snap is triggered, including in the middle of a cycle; for a proper start, stop your piece, trigger a Snap, then put your piece in Play.

Exporting your piece in MIDI

Once you have recorded loops, you can export them in MIDI format, via > “Export MIDI Loops…”; a .mid file will be created for each loop.
The MPE controls and MIDI CC 11, 64, 65 and 67 recorded in the loops are also exported. However, the MPE information within these MIDI clips can only be interpreted by software that supports it; this is the case, for example, for Cubase 14, Bitwig Studio, Reaper, but not for Ableton Live 12 (although it allows creating MPE tracks and loops, MPE import does not work, at least for now).

Recording your performance in audio

You can start an audio recording of everything you do in the Exquis app via the record button at the top right.
Play on your tracks, start and stop your song whenever you like, control your Loops and Snaps live, or simply let your automated Snap timeline run, before clicking the button again to stop the recording and export it in .wav format.
The sound of the metronome is not included in the recording, so feel free to use it if needed.

Where to start?

0. If necessary, adjust your Audio/MIDI settings and scan your plugins (repeat this each time you install new ones).
1. Start by preparing your piece (defining a time signature, tempo, and scale). If you’re a beginner, take your time to try out and explore different things!
2. Create tracks from plugins or presets to compose your “orchestra.”
3. Record loops on each track:
  • Especially for percussion, consider recording each element (kick, snare…) in a different loop.
  • Record variations (another chord grid, another rhythm…) in different loops, and consistently for better organization (e.g., the 2nd bass loop matching the 2nd chord loop and the 2nd melody loop)
4. When you have all your musical material, you can structure your piece by creating Snaps (e.g., intro/verse/chorus, breaks…) and chaining them chronologically.

I'm playing but I don't hear any sound

First, check the audio settings of the application ( > Audio/MIDI Settings); if necessary, click the Test button to ensure the application is sending sound to your audio device and that it is functioning.
Then, check that at least one track (Track) is created and armed (white hexagon).
Also, ensure that the overall volume (Master Gain), controllable by the slider in the top right of the application, is not at its minimum.
Finally, open the user interface (UI) of the plugin used in the track:
  • Check that no error messages are displayed.
  • Verify that the used plugin supports MPE and/or is set to listen to all MIDI channels: if so, check in the Exquis application that your track is indeed set to MPE (SETUP > MPE); otherwise, disable this setting.
  • Make sure that the notes you are trying to play are usable within the range of the virtual instrument, meaning you are not playing notes that are too low or too high; most plugins allow you to display a piano keyboard, reacting to the played notes and showing the active keys (inactive keys can be grayed out, for example). If you see that you are playing inactive notes, simply change octaves using the buttons and on the Exquis keyboard.

Why is my Record button off?

If the button on the keyboard is off, it means no track is created or armed, or the armed track is full. To record, you need to either:
Create a track:
– using the mouse: by double-clicking an item in the side list (Plugins or Presets),
– using the Exquis keyboard: by holding down the button, touching one of the presets on the keys, and then releasing the button.
Arm an existing track:
– using the mouse: by clicking on a blue hexagon (Tracks)
– using the Exquis keyboard: by holding down the button, briefly touching a blue hexagon, then releasing the button.

How to properly record a loop?

When starting from scratch, be sure to use the metronome to effectively gauge the length of your recording. It is recommended to start with a short loop, typically a one-measure drum pattern (even mute or delete it later), and then build longer loops.
The Exquis application allows recording loops of 2n (1, 2, 4, 8, 16…) measures; if you finish your recording between 2n and 2n+1 measures, the final recording will be 2n+1 long; in other words, it’s better to finish a recording a little too early than too late, or you could end up with a loop twice as long with the second half being empty.

How to balance the tracks well?

Prefer to decrease the volume of tracks that are too loud rather than raise the volume of tracks that are too quiet, risking distortion. Devices like mixers are generally designed this way, with a significant range for reducing gain and a more limited range for increasing it.
Also, don’t forget to adjust the pan of your tracks to better identify the instruments: it is common to place percussive instruments (drums) and soloists (lead, vocals…) more towards the center, while distributing the accompaniment around (e.g., bass on the right, chords on the left).

Can I use the Exquis app with other software or synthesizers?

Currently, the Exquis application is not designed to be used in conjunction with other applications or synthesizers.
When connected to the Exquis application, the Exquis keyboard communicates via SysEx messages; in this case, the Exquis keyboard is in MPE mode, the buttons and rotary encoders do not send MIDI CC, and there may be conflicts with other scripts (e.g., Remote Script for Ableton Live).
Therefore, do not use the Exquis application simultaneously with another software or synthesizer; if needed, manage your scales and layouts in memory on the Exquis keyboard via the Exquis application first.

How to properly uninstall the Exquis app?

On Windows, uninstall the Exquis application as normal, then check that the following folders no longer exist (delete them if they do):
  • Application: C: \ Program Files \ Intuitive Instruments \ Exquis
  • User: C: \ Users \ YOURUSER \ Documents \ Intuitive Instruments \ Exquis
  • Factory: C: \ ProgramData \ Intuitive Instruments \ Exquis
  • Others: C: \ Users \ YOURUSER \ AppData \ Roaming \ Intuitive Instruments \ Exquis
On macOS, uninstall the Exquis application as normal, then check that the following folders no longer exist (delete them if they do):
  • Application: / Applications
  • User: / Users / YOURUSER / Documents / Intuitive Instruments / Exquis
  • Factory: / Library / Application Support / Intuitive Instruments / Exquis
  • Others: / Users/ YOURUSER / Library / Application Support / Intuitive Instruments / Exquis